2. Tenses
3. Parts of speech
4. Kinds of sentences
5. Passive voice and active voice
6. Indirect speech or reported speech
7. Simple, compound and complex sentences
8. Conjunctions
9. Articles
10. Prepositions
11. Punctuations
12. Phrasal Verbs
13. English Idioms
14. Degrees of Comparison
15.Reflexive Pronouns
16.Vocabulary
17.Video Lessons
Auxiliary verbs (Helping verbs)
Auxiliary verbs are just helping verbs.They work with
lexical verbs to indicate tenses and number.There are two types of auxiliaries
in English language Primary and Modal.Primary auxiliaries do not take any
meaning of their own and Modal auxiliaries indicate the speaker's mood.The
primary difference between primary and modal auxiliaries is that primary
auxiliaries can be used as lexical verbs too.But most of the Modals cannot
stand alone.
Primary and Modal
Primary
Auxiliaries
|
Modal
Auxiliaries (Indicates Mood)
|
To do – does,
do, did
To be – am,
is, are
was, were,
[being, been]
To have –
has, have, had
|
Will - would
Shall -
should
Can - could
May - might
Must
Need
Dare
Ought
Used to
|
Explanation
……………………………………………
To do
Does – is
present tense, Singular in form, when functioning as an auxiliary verb it
does not have any meaning at all.
Do - Present
Tense, plural in form.
When
functioning as an auxiliary verb it does not have any meaning.
Did – Past
tense. It can be used with both singular and plural subjects. When
functioning as an auxiliary verb it does not have any meaning.
…………………………………………
To be
am – present
tense, it is unique in the sense that it is used with the subject " I
" only.(So singular plural question does not arise at all).When used as
pure auxiliary there is no meaning too.
is – present
tense, singular. When functioning as an auxiliary verb it does not have any
meaning.
Are - present
tense, Plural. When functioning as an auxiliary verb it does not have any
meaning.
Was - past
tense, singular. When functioning as an auxiliary verb it does not have any
meaning.
Were - past
tense, Plural. When functioning as an auxiliary verb it does not have any
meaning.
............................................................
Being – the
present participle (ing) form ofto be- no tense, no number, takes the
meaning of be.
Been – the
past participle form of to be- no tense, no number,takes the meaning
of be.
..........................................................
To have
Has - present
tense,singular.As an auxiliary no meaning.
Have -
present tense,Plural.As an auxiliary no meaning.
Had - past
tense,used with both singular and plural subjects.As an auxiliary no meaning.
|
Explanation
……………………………………………
Will - is
used to indicate future tense
Eg. She will
come tomorrow.
(Generally
used with second and third person)
............................................................
Shall – is
used to indicate future tense (Generally used with first person)
Eg. I shall
go home tomorrow.
.........................................................
Can – is used
to indicate ability
Eg. She can
speak French.
.........................................................
May – is used
to indicate possibility
Eg. He may
come tomorrow.
........................................................
Must – is
used to indicate an obligation
Eg. You must
do that work.
........................................................
Need – is
used to express a want
Eg. I need a
pen
.......................................................
Dare – is
used to express courage
Eg.You
daren’t do that act.
.....................................................
Ought – is
used to express obligation as well as duty
Eg. You ought
to look after your parents in their old age.
........................................................
Used to – is
used to indicate a past habitual action.
Eg. When I
was young my grandfather used to tell me a lot of interesting stories.
|
Personal
Pronouns (Nominative Case)
Singular
|
Plural
|
|
First Person
|
I
|
We
|
Second Person
|
You
|
You
|
Third Person
|
He, she, it
|
They
|
First person refers to
the person who is talking
Second person refers to the person who is the target of the first person's talk.
Third person refers to all other things/people that do not belong to the first group and the second group.
Second person refers to the person who is the target of the first person's talk.
Third person refers to all other things/people that do not belong to the first group and the second group.
